Water turbines are mostly utilized to generate electricity in power stations

 

Water Turbine
Water Turbine 

Water turbines are mostly utilised to generate electricity in power stations. River barrages or dams utilise the gravitational potential energy of the dammed water, also known as pressure energy, to accomplish this. One unique application is in pumped storage power stations. During periods of low electricity consumption, an elevated storage reservoir is filled with water using electrically powered pumps. When the demand for electricity is high, the reservoir is drained and more electricity is created by water turbines. Turbomachines are water turbines. They turn water's potential energy into mechanical work. Initially, gravitational potential energy is turned into kinetic energy. In a distributor or nozzle, the flowing water is accelerated to as high a speed as feasible. Defl ection in a rotor converts the fluid's motion into peripheral force.

According to Coherent Market Insights the Water Turbine Market Global Industry Insights, Trends, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2022-2028.

A turbine is a type of engine that extracts energy from fluid flow. Turbines are made up of a moving component known as the rotor assembly, which is either a drum or a shaft with blades attached to it. Water colliding with the blades generates rotational energy, which powers the rotors. Water turbines contribute to hydroelectric power generation by transforming the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy via the attached blades.

Depending on the location of the energy conversion a distinction is made between:

Action turbine: The fixed distributor converts all of the potential energy into velocity via the action turbine. There is no pressure differential between the inlet and output of the rotor. Only the rotor determines the flow.

Pelton turbine as an example

Potential energy is converted partially in the distributor and partially in the rotor of a reaction turbine. There is a pressure difference between the input and output of the rotor. The rotor deflects and accelerates the flow.

Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine are two examples.

 

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