Shotcrete can be applied using a dry or wet solution

 

Shotcrete

Shotcrete is a technique for applying concrete at high velocity to a vertical or overhead surface. The application's impact helps to consolidate the concrete. Although the hardened properties of shotcrete are similar to those of conventional cast-in-place concrete, the nature of the placement process results in an excellent bond with most substrates as well as rapid or instant capabilities, especially on complex forms or shapes. Shotcrete requires less formwork and can be less expensive than conventionally placed concrete. Shotcrete is applied in either a wet or dry mix. Before being introduced into the delivery hose, the wet-mix shotcrete process thoroughly mixes all ingredients, including water. At the nozzle, the dry-mix shotcrete process incorporates water into the mix. Shotcrete is suitable for curved and thin elements and is used in new construction and repairs.

Concrete repair entails assessing the current condition of the concrete structure, determining the causes of deterioration or distress, and selecting repair methods and materials. A review of available design and construction documents, structural analysis of the structure in its deteriorated condition, a review of available test data, a review of records of any previous repair work, a review of maintenance records, a visual inspection of the structure, an evaluation of corrosion activity, destructive and nondestructive testing, and a review of laboratory results from chemical and petrographic analysis of concrete samples are all possible components of the evaluation. Following the evaluation, the deterioration mechanism that caused the deficiency should be identified, and the appropriate repair materials and methods should be chosen.