Polymerase Chain Reaction method utilizes a cell's intrinsic processes for making a new DNA strand

 

Polymerase Chain Reaction Market
Polymerase Chain Reaction Market

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for quickly and precisely making many copies of a given section of DNA. Investigators can use the polymerase chain reaction to extract huge amounts of DNA for numerous investigations and procedures in molecular biology, forensic analysis, evolutionary biology, and medical diagnostics.

Kary B. Mullis, an American biochemist who earned the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1993 for his discovery, invented PCR in 1983. The methods utilised to amplify, or make copies of, recombinant DNA fragments before the invention of Polymerase Chain Reaction were time-consuming and labor-intensive. A machine built to do PCR reactions, on the other hand, can complete several rounds of replication in a matter of hours, making billions of copies of a DNA fragment.

The global polymerase chain reaction market was valued at US$ 3.7 billion in 2017 and is expected to witness a CAGR of 8.8% over the forecast period (2017 – 2025).

The Polymerase Chain Reaction method is based on a cell's intrinsic processes for replicating a new DNA strand. For PCR, only a few biological elements are required. The template DNi, or DNA that contains the region to be duplicated, such as a gene, is a critical component. A template can be as small as one DNA molecule. The sequence of two short nucleotide segments at either end of the region of interest is all that is required to replicate this fragment. These two short template sequences must be known in order to create two primers with short nucleotide stretches that match the template sequence. The primers bind to the template at their complementary sites, or anneal, and serve as the starting point for copying. The synthesis of DNA at one primer is directed to the other, resulting in replication of the intervening segment. Free nucleotides and a DNA polymerase, an enzyme that builds new DNA strands by successively adding on free nucleotides according to the template's instructions, are also required.

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