How does ion exchange resin work?
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Ion Exchange Resins Market |
To completely comprehend how IX resins function, it is
necessary to first comprehend the ion exchange reaction's principles. Simply
put, ion exchange is the reversible exchange of charged particles (ions) with
other ions of the same charge. This happens when ions atop an insoluble IX
resin matrix essentially swap places with ions of the same charge in the surrounding
solution.
According to Coherent
Market Insights the global
ion exchange resins market is projected to surpass US$ 1900 million by the end of 2027, in terms of revenue, growing
at CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast
period (2020 to 2027).
Because of its functional groups, which are essentially
fixed ions that are permanently attached inside the polymer matrix of the
resin, the IX resin works in this fashion. These charged ions will quickly
connect with ions of the opposite charge, which will be delivered via a
counterion solution. Until equilibrium is attained, these counterions will
continue to connect with the functional groups.
The solution to be treated would be added to the IX resin
bed and allowed to run through the beads during an IX cycle. The functional
groups of the IX resin attract any counterions present in the solution as the
solution passes through it. If the functional groups have a stronger affinity
for the new counterions than the ones already present, the ions in solution will
displace the existing ions and connect with the functional groups via shared
electrostatic attraction. In general, the larger and/or valency of an ion, the
stronger its affinity for ions of the opposite charge.
Let's put these ideas into practise with an IX water
softening system. The softening mechanism in this case is a cation exchange
resin with sulphonate anion (SO3–) functional groups attached to the matrix of
the IX resin. The resin is subsequently treated with a counterion solution
comprising sodium cations (Na+). Electrostatic attraction holds the Na+ ions to
the fixed SO3– anions, resulting in a net neutral charge in the resin. A stream
of hardness ions (Ca2+ or Mg2+) is introduced to the cation exchange resin
during an active IX cycle. The hardness cations displace the Na+ ions, which
subsequently flow out of the IX unit as part of the treated stream, because the
SO3– functional groups have a stronger attraction for them than for the Na+
ions. The IX resin, on the other hand, retains the hardness ions (Ca2+ or
Mg2+).
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