A Brief History of Polio Vaccines

 

Polio Vaccines Market
Polio Vaccines Market

The World Health Assembly decided in 1988 that paralytic poliomyelitis would be eradicated from the planet by the year 2000. The global eradication campaign is nearing the end, with valiant efforts being made to sustain polio vaccination programmes, create surveillance systems, and eradicate the last surviving poliovirus reservoirs. Immunizing the remaining few hard-to-reach people in distant or war-torn places, as the smallpox eradication effort demonstrated in the 1970s, is a daunting task. However, everyone from politicians to vaccine producers to field health workers has rallied behind the objective of global eradication.

According to Coherent Market Insights the Polio Vaccines Market Global Industry Insights, Trends, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2018-2026.

The prospect of a world free of polio inspires us to hope beyond the year 2000, but there are also reasons to reflect on the history of polio vaccine research. The first is a resurgence of interest in the theory that HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, arose from a monkey virus that contaminated early batches of polio vaccine used in late 1950s trials in the Congo. As a result, it has been suggested that the few surviving batches of the original polio vaccine supplies used in the Congo trials be tested for HIV. A second, less well-known reason is the United States' advice. Beginning in January of this year, children in the United States should be inoculated with the inactivated polio vaccine produced by Jonas Salk instead of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin, according to the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices. This shift in policy is a result of the disease's epidemiology, but it also has repercussions for vaccine production economics. It is clear how economics and market forces shape vaccine policy when comparing how the United States (where private companies developed and manufactured polio vaccines) and the Netherlands (where government-funded laboratories designed, developed, tested, and manufactured the entire country's supply of polio vaccine) implemented their polio vaccine programmes.

The fierce rivalry between the original polio vaccine researchers, Salk and Sabin, was a contributing factor in the United States and the Netherlands pursuing separate polio vaccination campaigns. The results of the world's largest clinical trial (at the time) were released in April 1955. More than 400,000 children in the United States had received Salk's IPV vaccine, and when the results of effective protection against this terrible disease were announced, Americans sighed a collective sigh of relief. The Salk vaccine was shown to be 90% effective against Types II and III poliovirus and 60 to 70% effective against Type I poliovirus. Salk's IPV was approved for usage within two hours. Industrial production facilities were already completed and ready to run thanks to guarantees from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (now the March of Dimes). By July 1955, the goal was to have five million youngsters in the United States vaccinated.

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