What is Epistaxis and what causes Epistaxis?
Epistaxis (commonly known as a nosebleed) is a small blemish on the nose's blood vessels. Epistaxis is a common complaint, especially in emergency medicine settings where ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders are treated. Epistaxis is more common in older persons (ages 50–80) and children (ages 2–10). Epistaxis is divided into two forms based on where it occurs: anterior and posterior epistaxis.
According to the "Coherent Market Insights" Global
Industry Insights, Trends, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis of Epistaxis
Market.
What causes epistaxis?
Local causes
Local trauma
from nose-picking, a foreign body in the nose, anatomic anomalies such as a
deviated septum, face trauma, inappropriate or excessive use of topical nasal
sprays, inflammatory reactions, and intranasal tumours are all possible causes
of epistaxis. Due to inflammation of the nasal mucosa, smoking and snorting
illicit drugs like cocaine can induce frequent nosebleeds, which can lead to
further nasal damage in some situations.
Systemic causes
High blood
pressure (hypertension), vascular malformations, cardiovascular diseases, and
bleeding disorders such von Willebrand disease and haemophilia A and B are all
systemic factors that enhance the risk of epistaxis. Heavy alcohol consumption
can also raise the risk of epistaxis because it interferes with normal blood
coagulation and dilates superficial blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of
a rupture.
Environmental factors
Changes in
temperature or humidity are common environmental causes of epistaxis, as nose
vessels are more prone to rupture in cold weather and dry conditions. Allergies
can also be triggered by environmental factors. For a variety of reasons,
allergies can raise the risk of epistaxis. Excessive nose blowing and the use
of allergy drugs that dry the nasal mucosa—for example, decongestants and
antihistamines—can further aggravate the risk of getting a nose bleed.
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